澶ц繛鐞嗗伐澶у錛岄噸搴?jiǎn)澶у锛屽崡鏄屽ぇ瀛﹀Q屽叞宸炰氦閫氬ぇ瀛︼紝嫻欐睙宸ヤ笟澶у錛屽崡鍗庡ぇ瀛︼紝姹曞ご澶у錛屽崕涓滀氦閫氬ぇ瀛︼紝涓滃崕澶у錛屾槅鏄庣悊宸ュぇ瀛︼紝婀栧崡縐戞妧澶у錛岃窘瀹佸伐紼嬫妧鏈ぇ瀛︾瓑銆?/p>
鏉愭枡鍔涘(mechanics of materials)鏄爺絀舵潗鏂欏湪鍚勭澶栧姏浣滅敤涓嬩駭鐢熺殑搴斿彉銆佸簲鍔涖€佸己搴︺€佸垰搴︺€佺ǔ瀹氬拰瀵艱嚧鍚勭鏉愭枡鐮村潖鐨勬瀬闄愩€?/p>
涓€鑸槸鏈烘宸ョ▼鍜屽湡鏈ㄥ伐紼嬩互鍙?qiáng)鐩稿叧涓撲笟鐨勫ぇ瀛︾敓蹇厵逯M慨璇葷殑璇劇▼錛屽涔?fàn)鏉愭枡鍔涘涓€鑸姹傚鐢熷厛淇珮絳夋暟瀛﹀拰鐞嗚鍔涘銆傛潗鏂欏姏瀛︿笌鐞嗚鍔涘銆佺粨鏋勫姏瀛﹀茍縐頒笁澶у姏瀛︺€?/p>
鏉愭枡鍔涘鐨勭爺絀跺璞′富瑕佹槸媯掔姸鏉愭枡錛屽鏉嗐€佹銆佽醬絳夈€傚浜庢鏋剁粨鏋勭殑闂鍦ㄧ粨鏋勫姏瀛︿腑璁ㄨ錛屾澘澹崇粨鏋勭殑闂鍦ㄥ脊鎬у姏瀛︿腑璁ㄨ銆?/p>
鍦熸湪宸ョ▼鑰冪爺鏈€寮烘敾鐣?/p>
涓€銆佹嫨鏍?/p>
鎴戜滑閮界煡閬撹€冪爺鍜岄珮鑰冧笉鍚岋紝楂樿€冩槸鍏堝嚭鎴愮嘩鍚庨€夊鏍″拰涓撲笟錛岃€岃€冪爺鏄厛鍦ㄥ崄鏈堜喚榪涜鎶ュ悕鎷╂牎鑰屽悗錛屽啀鍦?2鏈堜喚榪涜鍒濊瘯錛岄偅涔堟嫨鏍″氨鏄垜浠€冪爺鎵€瑕侀潰瀵圭殑絎竴涓棶棰橈紝閭d箞鎴戜滑搴旇閫夋嫨鍝墍瀛︽牎鍛紵
1.鏈牎
濡傛灉浣犳眰紼籌紝濡傛灉浣犲彧鏄兂寰楀埌涓€涓爺絀剁敓鐨勫ご琛旓紝閭d箞鏈牎灝辨槸鏈€淇濆噯鐨勶紝鎴戞浘緇忚窡鑰佸笀浠亰榪囪繖涓棶棰橈紝浠栦滑鏈€甯屾湜鎷涘埌鐨勫氨鏄湰鏍$殑瀛︾敓錛屾墍浠ュ鏋滀綘姹傜ǔ鐨勮瘽錛屼綘鍙互鐩存帴鍏堝湪鑷繁瀛︽牎閲岄€夋嫨浣犲績浠殑瀵煎笀銆?/p>
鍘誨埌浣犱滑瀛﹂櫌鐨勫畼緗戯紝閲岄潰閮芥湁浣犱滑瀛﹂櫌鎵€鏈夎€佸笀鐨勪俊鎭紝鍙互鎻愬墠榪涜鑱旂郴錛屾垜鐩鎬俊鑰佸笀涔熶細(xì)瀵逛綘鎶涘嚭姍勬鏋濈殑銆?/p>
2.鍦板煙
濡傛灉浣犱笉鑰冭檻鏈牎錛岄偅鑲畾鏄笇鏈涘彲浠ュ幓鍒版洿濂界殑瀛︽牎娣遍€狅紝閭d箞棣栧厛灝辮鑰冭檻鍦板煙鐨勯棶棰樸€?/p>
鍦ㄤ腑鍥斤紝鍙湁涓ゆ墍瀛︽牎鏄病鏈夊湴鍩熼檺鍒剁殑錛岄偅灝辨槸娓呭崕澶у鍜屽寳浜ぇ瀛︼紝姣忔墍瀛︽牎閮芥湁鑷繁鐨勮緪灝勮寖鍥達(dá)紝鑰屼笖瀛︽牎鎺掑悕瓚婂線鍚庯紝榪欑杈愬皠鑼冨洿涔熷氨瓚婂皬錛岃繖縐嶈緪灝勯檺鍒朵篃灝辮秺鏄庢樉銆?/p>
姣斿璇撮暱娌欑悊宸ュぇ瀛﹁櫧鐒舵槸鍙岄潪錛屼絾鍦ㄦ箹鍗楁湰鍦頒篃鏄潪甯稿嚭鑹茬殑瀛︽牎錛屼絾鏄鏋滃埌涓滃寳錛岄偅涔堣繖涓鏍$殑鍚嶅瓧灝變笉鏄偅涔堝搷浜?jiǎn)锛屽彲鑳綖兏氭晥鏋湠娌℃湁鍦ㄦ箹鍗楁湰鍦伴偅涔堝ソ銆?/p>
鎵€浠ュ鏋滀綘鑰冪爺鏄負(fù)浜?jiǎn)鎵惧伐浣滄洿涓婁竴灞傛ゼ錛岄偅涔堝湴鍩熼棶棰樻槸浣犵粫涓嶅紑鐨勭涓€涓瘽棰橈紝涓€鑸潵璇翠綘鑰冨摢閲岀殑鐮旂┒鐢燂紝鍦ㄥ摢鎵懼伐浣滅殑鍑犵巼灝辨瘮杈冨ぇ錛岄櫎闈炰綘瑕佽€冨悓嫻庛€佷笢鍗椼€佸搱宸ュぇ絳夎繖綾婚櫎娓呭寳浠ュ鐨勯《綰у悕鏍★紝榪欑被瀛︽牎涓€鑸湴鍩熼檺鍒跺緢灝忥紝鐢氳嚦鍙互璇村嚑涔庢病鏈夛紝姣曚笟璇佸叏鍥介€氳鏃犲帇鍔涖€?/p>
3.瀛︽牎
閭d箞鎴戜滑鑰冭檻瀹屼笉鑰冩湰鏍★紝涔熻€冭檻瀹屼竴涓ぇ姒傜殑瀛︽牎鍦板煙浜?jiǎn)锛屾垜浠簲璇ュ浣曢€夋嫨瀛︽牎鍛紵涓嬮潰榪欎袱涓瘝鏄綘搴旇瑕佹帉鎻$殑錛屽彲浠ュ湪鎷╂牎鏃惰繘琛屼竴涓弬鑰冦€?/p>
鑰佸叓鏍★細(xì)娓呭崕澶у銆佷笢鍗楀ぇ瀛︺€佸悓嫻庡ぇ瀛︺€佸ぉ媧ュぇ瀛︺€佸崕鍗楃悊宸ュぇ瀛︺€侀噸搴?jiǎn)寰徑{戝ぇ瀛︼紙宸插茍鍏ラ噸搴?jiǎn)澶у锛?jí)銆佸搱灝?dāng)婊ㄥ缓绛戝ぇ瀛﹀Q堝凡騫跺叆鍝堝皵婊ㄥ伐涓氬ぇ瀛︼級(jí)鍜岃タ瀹夊緩絳戠鎶€澶у錛堝緩絳戣€佸叓鏍¤搗婧愪簬寤虹瓚瀛︼紝浣嗙幇鍦ㄤ篃鎴愪負(fù)鍦熸湪涓撲笟瀹炲姏鐨勪唬琛級(jí)銆?/p>
鏂板洓鍐涳細(xì)嫻欐睙澶у銆佹箹鍗楀ぇ瀛︺€佹矆闃沖緩絳戝ぇ瀛︺€佸ぇ榪炵悊宸ュぇ瀛︺€?/p>
閭d箞闄や簡(jiǎn)榪欎袱涓О鍙鳳紝鍏跺疄鎴戜滑鏈€搴旇鐪嬩腑鐨勬槸浠€涔堝憿錛熷綋鐒舵槸鎴戜滑2024鏁欒偛閮ㄧ殑鍦熸湪宸ョ▼涓撲笟鎺掑悕浜?jiǎn)銆?/p>
涓€鍏?34鎵€澶у琚垎鎴愪簡(jiǎn)9涓瓑綰э紝姣忎釜絳夌駭閮芥湁鐩稿搴旂殑瀛︽牎錛屽叾涓垜浠彲浠ョ湅鍒板悓嫻庡ぇ瀛﹀拰涓滃崡澶у鍦ㄥ湡鏈ㄥ伐紼嬪綋涓殑闇鎬富鍦頒綅錛堝叾瀹炶鏄啀緇嗗垎鐨勮瘽錛屽悓嫻庤姣斾笢鍗楁洿濂戒竴鐐癸級(jí)銆?/p>
涓€鑸潵璇達(dá)紝濡傛灉鍚屽浠兂閫氳繃鑰冪爺杈懼埌涓€涓樁綰ч璺冪殑璇濓紝鍙互閫夋嫨鎺掑悕鏇撮潬鍓嶇殑瀛︽牎錛岃€屾洿闈犲墠鐨?11瀛︽牎錛屾垨鑰呮槸鍙岄潪澶у錛屾€т環(huán)姣斿氨鏄懼緱寰堥珮銆?/p>
姣斿璇存渤嫻峰ぇ瀛︺€佽タ鍗椾氦閫氬ぇ瀛︺€佽タ瀹夊緩絳戠鎶€澶у銆佹矆闃沖緩絳戝ぇ瀛︺€侀暱娌欑悊宸ュぇ瀛︾瓑絳夛紝鎬т環(huán)姣斿氨鏄懼緱闈炲父楂橈紝鍙互鎴愪負(fù)寰堝浜虹殑涓€涓噸瑕侀€夋嫨銆?/p>
4.淇℃伅鎼滃
涔嬪墠鏈変釜鑰佸笀緇欐垜涓句簡(jiǎn)涓€涓弽渚嬶紝浠ュ墠鏈変竴涓闀挎壘鍒頒粬錛岄棶浠栧搱宸ュぇ鎬庝箞鏍鳳紝緇撴灉榪欎釜鑰佸笀鍙嶉棶浜?jiǎn)涓€浜涜€冪爺淇℃伅錛岃繖涓闀垮暐涔熶笉鐭ラ亾錛屼箣鎵€浠ラ€夋嫨鍝堝伐澶т粎浠呮槸鍥犱負(fù)瑙夊緱鍝堝伐澶ф尯濂姐€?/p>
榪欎釜鑰佸笀褰撴椂灝辯粰浜?jiǎn)涓€浜涘緩璁紝浠栧簲璇ュ幓鎼滃涓€浜涙洿鏈夌敤鐨勪俊鎭潵甯姪浣犺€冪爺錛岃€屼笉鏄畝綆€鍗曞崟鐨勫彧鏄洜涓衡€滄垜瑙夊緱鍝堝伐澶ф尯濂界殑鈥濄€?/p>
閭d箞鎴戜滑搴旇鍘繪悳闆嗕粈涔堜俊鎭憿錛熼€氫織鏉ヨ錛屼富瑕佺殑淇℃伅鏈夊鏍℃瘡騫寸殑鍒嗘暟綰褲€佷笓涓氳鑰冭瘯澶х翰銆佸弬鑰冧功綾嶃€佹姤褰曟瘮銆佹瘡騫村綍鍙栦漢鏁般€佹瘡騫磋繘澶嶈瘯鐨勪漢鏁扮瓑絳夈€?/p>
閭d箞鎺ヤ笅鏉ュ張鏈変竴涓棶棰橈紝鎴戜滑搴旇鍦ㄥ摢鍘誨鎵捐繖浜涗俊鎭憿錛熼鍏堟渶閲嶈鐨勬槸鐩爣瀛︽牎鐨勭爺鎷涚綉錛堟湁鐨勫鏍℃湁錛屾湁鐨勫鏍℃病鏈夛級(jí)銆?/p>
5.涓撲笟璇鵑€夋嫨
涓浗鍦熸湪闄㈡牎榪欎箞澶氾紝涓撲笟璇劇殑鑰冭瘯綾誨瀷鍙互澶ц嚧鍒嗘垚鍥涚錛?/p>
緇撴瀯鍔涘錛屼唬琛ㄥ鏍℃湁涓滃崡澶у絳夈€?/p>
鏉愭枡鍔涘錛屼唬琛ㄥ鏍℃湁澶ц繛鐞嗗伐澶у絳夈€?/p>
涓婇潰涓や釜鍔涘浜岄€変竴錛屼唬琛ㄥ鏍℃湁嫻欐睙澶у絳夈€?/p>
涓婇潰涓や釜鍔涘閮借€冿紝浠h〃澶у鏈夊悓嫻庡ぇ瀛︾瓑銆?/p>
閭d箞瀵逛簬榪欏洓縐嶈€冩硶錛屾垜鐨勭湅娉曟槸浠€涔堝憿錛熷浜庣幇鍦ㄤ腑鍥界粷澶ч儴鍒嗗湡鏈ㄩ櫌鏍℃潵璇達(dá)紝閮芥槸鑰冪粨鏋勫姏瀛︾殑錛屽挨鍏朵箣鍓嶈タ鍗椾氦閫氬ぇ瀛﹀湪鍑鴻€冭瘯澶х翰鏃訛紝紿佺劧鐢卞線騫寸殑鏉愭枡鍔涘鍙樻垚浜?jiǎn)缁撴瀯鍔涘锛屽綋鏃舵妸閭e眾鑰冪敓鎵撲簡(jiǎn)涓帾鎵嬩笉鍙?qiáng)锛屾垜瑙夊緱杩欎篃浠h〃浜?jiǎn)涓€涓鍚戯紝灝辨槸緇撴瀯鍔涘鏄富嫻侀€夋嫨銆?/p>
濡傛灉浣犺繕娌℃湁鎯沖ソ鍒板簳瑕佹姤鍝釜瀛︽牎錛屼綘灝卞厛瀛︾粨鏋勫姏瀛︼紝灝ゅ叾澶у鍏鐨勪笁澶у姏瀛﹂噷闈紝鐞嗚鍔涘鏈€闅撅紝鏉愭枡鍔涘鍏舵錛岀粨鏋勫姏瀛︽槸榪欎笁涓噷闈㈡渶綆€鍗曠殑銆?/p>
6.瀛︾榪樻槸涓撶
鍦ㄤ互鍓嶅紜曞拰涓撶榪樻槸鏈夐潪甯稿ぇ鐨勫樊鍒殑錛屾瘮濡傛湁鐨勫鏍″紜曚笁騫達(dá)紝涓撶涓ゅ勾錛屽紜曡€冭瘯闅懼害姣斾笓紜曞ぇ寰楀錛屽湪鍩瑰吇鏂歸潰錛屽鏍℃洿娉ㄩ噸瀛︾絳夌瓑錛屾€諱綋鏉ヨ瀛︾鏄瘮涓撶楂樹竴?。鐨勩€?/p>
浣嗘槸鐜板湪鍐嶆潵鐪嬭繖涓棶棰樼殑璇濓紝鎴戠湡鐨勮寰楀紜曚笓紜曞樊璺濊秺鏉ヨ秺灝忥紝鐢氳嚦鏍規(guī)湰娌℃湁錛岀幇鍦ㄥ紜曞拰涓撶鐨勪富瑕佸樊鍒槸瀛︾鍙互鐩存帴鐢沖崥錛屼笓紜曚笉琛屻€?/p>
榪戝嚑騫村悓嫻庣殑鍦熸湪紜曞+鏀歸潻錛屽叏鏄笓紜曚簡(jiǎn)錛屽彇娑堝紜曪紝榪欎篃鏄竴縐嶈秼鍔匡紝涓撶灝嗚寮曢紜曞+鐨勪富浣撳湴浣嶏紝澶у瀹屽叏鍙互鎸夌収鑷繁鐨勮鍒掑幓閫夋嫨錛屽樊鍒茍涓嶅ぇ鐨勩€?/p>
7.鍏朵粬
榪欓噷鎴戞兂鑱婁竴涓笉澶噸瑕佺殑闂錛岄偅灝辨槸姝ц闂錛屾湁濂藉浜轟篃鍦ㄩ棶錛岃€冪爺鍒板簳姝ц涓嶆瑙嗗晩錛屾垜鎯寵榪欎釜鐪熺殑鍒嗗鏍★紝涔熷垎鑰佸笀錛屾湁寰堝瀛︽牎閮藉笇鏈涘緱鍒版洿濂界殑鐢熸簮錛屾墍浠ュ湪澶嶈瘯鏃跺灝戜細(xì)鏈変竴浜涘亸鍚戙€?/p>
鏇存湁涓€浜涜€佸笀姣旇緝鐪嬩腑鑰冪爺瀛︾敓鏈鏈熼棿鐨勬垚闀跨粡鍘嗭紝浼?xì)鏈変竴浜涚瓫閫夛紝榪欓兘鏄甯哥幇璞★紝褰撶劧鍟︼紝涔熸湁涓€浜涘鏍″仛鐨勫お榪囧垎浜?jiǎn)锛屾瘮濡備笉淇濇姢涓€蹇楁効瀛︾敓鍟︼紝鎸夊鏍℃帓鍚嶇粰鍒嗗暒銆?/p>
閭d箞鎴戜滑搴斿鐨勫姙娉曞氨鏄鎻愰珮鑷繁鐨勫垎鏁幫紝榪欎釜鍒嗘暟鍖呭惈鍒濊瘯鍒嗘暟鍜屽璇曠瑪璇曞垎鏁幫紝鍥犱負(fù)榪欎簺鍒嗘暟鐨勪富鍔ㄦ潈鎺屾彙鍦ㄦ垜浠墜涓紝灝辯畻闈㈣瘯鍒嗘暟緇欑殑浣庝篃姣笉鐣忔儳銆?/p>
浜屻€佸鑰?/p>
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1.鏃墮棿
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鎴戝啀璁蹭竴涓嬫潗鏂欏姏瀛﹂兘鑰冨摢浜?/p>
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2.鍓垏涓庢尋鍘嬨€?/p>
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4.寮洸鍐呭姏銆?/p>
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